一般fdisk用来管理linux的磁盘，进行分区，格式化等操作
fdisk简述
fdisk 常用于查看磁盘使用情况和磁盘分区
命令选项
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
-b <大小> 扇区大小(512、1024、2048或4096)
-c[=<模式>] 兼容模式：“dos”或“nondos”(默认)
-h 打印此帮助文本
-u[=<单位>] 显示单位：“cylinders”(柱面)或“sectors”(扇区，默认)
-v 打印程序版本
-C <数字> 指定柱面数
-H <数字> 指定磁头数
-S <数字> 指定每个磁道的扇区数
|
磁盘分区操作
给磁盘分区
选择要操作的盘
1
|
[root@k8s-77-166 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
|
输入m列出可以执行的命令
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
|
# 翻译后如下
命令动作
a 切换可引导标志
b 编辑 bsd 磁盘标签
c 切换 dos 兼容性标志
d 删除一个分区
g 创建一个新的空 GPT 分区表
G 创建一个 IRIX (SGI) 分区表
l 列出已知的分区类型
m 打印这个菜单
n 添加一个新分区
o 创建一个新的空 DOS 分区表
p 打印分区表
q 退出而不保存更改
s 创建一个新的空 Sun 磁盘标签
t 更改分区的系统 ID
u 更改显示/输入单位
v 验证分区表
w 将表写入磁盘并退出
x 额外功能（仅限专家）
|
输入p列出磁盘目前的分区情况
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xac03980f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
|
输入n建立新的磁盘分区，这里建立两个主磁盘分区
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
|
Command (m for help): n #创建新分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #选择p创建主分区 如果创建扩展分区的话选择e
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 #第一个主分区
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048): #起始处，直接回车就行
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199): +20G #分区大小为K，M，G。制作分区的大小，这里选择第一块分区大小为20G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p #输入p查看分区情况
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x708c5a80
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41945087 20971520 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n #接着创建第二个住分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #这里也是选择p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 #第二个分区
First sector (41945088-209715199, default 41945088): #默认回车
Using default value 41945088
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41945088-209715199, default 209715199): #直接回车 将剩余空间全部给这个分区
Using default value 209715199
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 80 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t #修改分区的类型，这里选择
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2 #选择分区
Hex code (type L to list all codes): l #列出所有的分区类型
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e #输入lvm类型的代码
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p #查看分区情况 可以看到分区2已经为lvm类型
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x708c5a80
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41945087 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 41945088 209715199 83885056 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
|
删除分区
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
|
[root@k8s-77-166 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p #查看分区情况
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x708c5a80
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41945087 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 41945088 209715199 83885056 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): d #删除分区
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2 #选择要删除的分区
Partition 2 is deleted
Command (m for help): p #查看分区情况
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x708c5a80
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41945087 20971520 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
|
创建扩展分区
创建扩展分区，并在扩展分区上创建两个逻辑分区，将一个逻辑分区设置为lvm类型
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
|
[root@k8s-77-166 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p #查看分区情况
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x708c5a80
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41945087 20971520 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n #创建分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): e #选择扩展分区
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 #默认2分区
First sector (41945088-209715199, default 41945088): #起始位置 默认
Using default value 41945088
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41945088-209715199, default 209715199): +30G #选择扩展分大小为30G
Partition 2 of type Extended and of size 30 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p #查看分区情况
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x708c5a80
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41945087 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 41945088 104859647 31457280 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n #创建分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l #选择l创建逻辑分区
Adding logical partition 5 # 注意：主分区和扩展分区的磁盘号位1-4，也就是说最多有4个主分区或者扩展分区，逻辑分区开始的磁盘号为5
First sector (41947136-104859647, default 41947136): #起始位置 默认回车
Using default value 41947136
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41947136-104859647, default 104859647): +10G #选择逻辑分区大小为10G
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n #创建分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l #选择l创建逻辑分区
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (62920704-104859647, default 62920704):#起始位置 默认回车
Using default value 62920704
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62920704-104859647, default 104859647): #直接回车 将剩余空间全部给这个分区
Using default value 104859647
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p #查看分区情况
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x708c5a80
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41945087 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 41945088 104859647 31457280 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 41947136 62918655 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 62920704 104859647 20969472 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t #修改分区的类型，这里选择
Partition number (1,2,5,6, default 6): 6 #选择逻辑分区6
Hex code (type L to list all codes): l #列出所有的分区类型
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e #选择lvm的代码
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p #查看分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x708c5a80
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41945087 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 41945088 104859647 31457280 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 41947136 62918655 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 62920704 104859647 20969472 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
|
格式化分区
建立好分区之后，还需要对分区进行格式化才能在系统中使用磁盘
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
|
# 不同文件系统文件类型的格式化命令也不相同，一下列出常用的几种
mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb1
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
mkfs.btrfs /dev/sdb1
### 调整 Linux 文件系统大小
#resize2fs 是用于 ext2、ext3 和 ext4 文件系统的命令。
#它允许您调整文件系统的大小（即扩大或缩小文件系统），以匹配所分配的磁盘空间大小。
resize2fs /dev/sda1
#xfs_growfs 是用于 xfs 文件系统的命令。它允许您扩大或缩小文件系统，以匹配所分配的磁盘空间大小。
#在使用该命令之前，您必须先扩展磁盘分区。
xfs_growfs /
|
参考链接
https://wangchujiang.com/linux-command/c/fdisk.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/jiechn/p/4494958.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_039_fdisk_gdisk_parted.html
支付宝
微信